
Tantalum capacitors are manufactured from a powder of relatively pure elemental metal. A common for comparing of powders is expressed in capacitance (C, usually in μF) times volts (V) per gram (g). Since the mid-1980s, manufactured tantalum powders have exhibited around a ten-fold improvement in CV/g values (from approximately 2. Important processes are discussed in detail including 1) sputtering, by which tantalum films are produced, 2) pattern generation, and 3) anodization, by which capacitor dielectrics are formed and b. [pdf]
Tantalum capacitors are manufactured through a process that includes pressing tantalum powder into an anode body and sintering it in a high-temperature furnace. The dielectric is formed by immersing the anode body in acid to create a porous amorphous Ta2O5 dielectric film.
This pellet is porous, like a solid sponge, so when the dielectric layer is formed in the next step (anodic oxidation), the thin oxide layer is formed over a great deal of surface area. This allows tantalum capacitors to have a much higher capacitance and voltage per volume (CV/cc) than other technologies.
Tantalum electrolytic capacitors are separated into solid and liquid tantalum electrolytic capacitors based on the electrolyte form. Solid tantalum electrolysis is the manufacturing method covered in this article.
The main causes of leakage current for solid tantalum capacitors are electrical breakdown of the dielectric, conductive paths due to impurities or due to poor anodization, bypassing of dielectric due to excess manganese dioxide, due to moisture paths or due to cathode conductors (carbon, silver).
The forming step is an electrochemical oxidation, namely, anodizing, allowing the growth of Ta 2 O 5 on the surface of tantalum. The selection of the anodizing conditions is crucial for the overall manufacturing process since it determines the properties of the dielectric, i.e. the specific capacitance and the leakage current.
This article covers the manufacturing process of solid tantalum electrolytic capacitors. Tantalum pentoxide is used as the dielectric material; the anode is a metal tantalum block made by sintering and pulled from tantalum wire; and the typical negative electrode is solid MnO2.
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